When a couple decides to start a family, it becomes an exciting chapter in their life, but sometimes success does not come easily and the same excitement may turn into frustration. Although they might feel a bit overwhelmed with each failed attempt, they can find relief in knowing that infertility is a common problem nowadays. With right knowledge and timely decision, one may definitely find a solution to the problem.
Before knowing the signs of infertility, let us first understand the definition of ‘infertility’. Infertility means when a woman is not able to conceive after a year of unprotected sexual intercourse; or a woman over 35, who is not able to conceive after 6 months of trying.
A woman who’s never been able to conceive even once is diagnosed with primary infertility; whereas a woman who’s had at least one successful pregnancy in the past is diagnosed with secondary infertility.
About one-third of infertility cases can be accounted to female infertility while male infertility
attributes for another third of infertility cases. The remaining third of cases may be caused by a
combination of both male and female infertility, or they may have unexplained infertility.
Some couples might not be aware of the obvious signs of infertility. Therefore, It is important to
understand the problems in depth and look for some warning signs of infertility with serious
concern. Below given are some main signs of infertility which one should look out for :
• Absent menstruation (amenorrhoea)
• Short cycle (less than 21 days)
• Long cycle (over 35 days)
• Heavy menstruation
• Dysmenorrhoea (painful menstruation)
• Clots or very dark /black menstruation
• Inter-menstrual bleeding
Hormone regulation plays important role for women to get pregnant. A hormonal imbalance
may lead to a serious fertility issue. Irregular menstruation may be a sign of hormonal imbalance,
or other more serious fertility issues.
Women above 35 years may experience a decrease in fertility. An average 30-year-old woman
has a 20% chance of getting pregnant, but by the age of 40 that chance decreases to only a 5%
chance.
• Endometriosis: A condition where the protective lining inside the uterus (endometrium) grows
outside of it and grows along other parts of the reproductive organs. Pelvic pain is the most
common symptom associated with it.
• PCOS: A condition where small cysts form on the outer edge of the ovaries, preventing the
egg from transferring to the uterus. It may cause irregular or missed periods since ovulation is
halted. PCOS, can cause weight gain, fatigue, acne and mood changes.
• Fibroids: They are benign abnormal growths that develop in a uterus. These tumours can grow
quite large and cause severe abdominal pain and heavy periods thus affecting the fertility.
• Ovarian Cysts: Most ovarian cysts do not cause infertility. Cysts when infected can cause a
pelvic infection and may cause scarring in the fallopian tubes, which could cause infertility.
Ovarian cysts that contain endometriosis (chocolate cysts) may be associated with infertility.
• Adenomyosis: It is benign condition in which the inner lining of the uterus also known as
endometrium invades through the muscle of the uterus. It can cause menstrual cramps, and
bloating before menstrual periods and can also result in irregular menstruation. It may impair
the fertility by affecting the uterotubal transport and altering endometrial function and receptivity.
• STD’s
• Recurrent Miscarriages (more than 3)
• Blocked Fallopian Tubes
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
A low sperm count could be the result of several lifestyle factors, such as obesity, drug abuse
excessive alcohol intake or smoking, so if any of these are present, the chances of infertility increases. Here are a few warning signs of infertility for men to be aware of:
• Premature ejaculation
• Retrograde ejaculation
• Abnormal semen parameters
• Infections from STDs
• Erectile dysfunction
• Cancer
• Hormonal imbalance
• Swollen or painful testicles
• Varicocele
• undescended testes
Other Health Related Factors and conditions that affect Both Women and Men
There are some other factors that may cause hormonal imbalance, poor egg quality, low ovarian
reserve, or poor/abnormal immune response which may affect conception. These are
• Medical disorders like Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism Hypertension, Diabetes, Autoimmune
disease, Long-term use of medications
• Poor Adrenal Health
• Very low body weight
• Obesity
• Cancer (chemotherapy and radiation may cause Premature Ovarian Failure or Low Sperm
count and also impact overall general health)
• Injury to reproductive organs, or one of the endocrine glands.
• Smoking, Alcoholism, Drug Addiction
Hence, If you’re concerned about your fertility issues, it is advised to seek help from an infertility
expert and get an evaluation done.
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