HSG Test Procedure – Step-by-Step Guide for Women

What Is An HSG Test?

A hysterosalpinography test, or abbreviated as an HSG test, is a specialised X-ray procedure used by doctors to examine a woman’s uterus and reproductive organs.

Why Is the HSG Test Done?

An HSG test is an integral part of fertility investigation to find out the causes of infertility that can help doctors further progress the treatment. These are some of the HSG test reasons:

Detecting blocked fallopian tubes :

The predominant reason to perform an HSG test is to check whether the fallopian tube is blocked or not. A blocked fallopian tube leads to the sperm and egg not meeting and fertilising.

Identify uterine abnormalities :

Another reason doctors prescribe an HSG test is to detect any polyps, fibroids, scar tissue, or adhesions. These can interfere with uterine implantation and can cause frequent miscarriages.

Assess uterine shape before IVF/IUI :

Sometimes women can be born with a tilted uterus, or their uterus can have some biological variation. To determine this, doctors use an HSG test to ensure that the uterus is healthy and can support a pregnancy.

HSG Test Procedure – Step by Step

The HSG procedure typically takes 10-15 minutes and is often performed in a clinic or hospital setting. Here is a step-by-step breakdown of how an HSG test will be performed:

Preparation :

The patient will lie down on an X-ray table, similar to a pelvic exam. The doctor will clean the vaginal and cervical canal with an antiseptic solution. A small tool called the speculum is inserted to keep the cervix open.

Catheter Insertion :

A thin tube called the catheter is inserted into the uterus through the cervix, and you may experience a slight discomfort or pressure. The speculum is then removed.

Dye Injection :

A dye is injected into the uterus, allowing doctors to see the reproductive system clearly. Some women report minor cramping when the dye moves.

X-ray Imaging :

As the dye moves through the body, X-ray images are taken. If the dye moves freely, your tubes are open. If not, it might mean there’s a blockage or irregular shape.

Assessment :

Once the images are taken, the doctor removes the catheter and allows you to rest for a few minutes. You can go home the same day. The specialist will later review your images and explain their meaning.

What to Expect During and After the HSG Test?

It is common to experience mild cramping, pressure in your lower abdomen, and a sensation of fullness in your uterus as the dye passes through your uterus and fallopian tubes during your HSG test. It is also normal for some women to experience light spotting or mild discomfort for a few hours after the procedure, but these symptoms typically resolve quickly. The recovery time after an HSG test is relatively short, and most women can return to their regular activities the day after the test. However, adequate care in the days after the HSG test will help prevent infection and promote healing after the procedure.

Here are a few aftercare tips to help you recover after an HSG test:

• Allow your body time to rest and heal.
• Use pads instead of tampons, as this will decrease your risk of infection after the HSG test.
• Pay attention to signs of infection. Call your doctor if you have a fever, heavy bleeding, foul-smelling discharge, or severe pain.

Risks and Side Effects of the HSG Test

There are risks associated with any procedure, and the HSG test is no exception; it also has side effects, although it is considered a safe test. Women tend to experience only some minor discomfort during the procedure, and serious complications are infrequent. Here are some side effects related to the HSG test:

• Cramping and spotting: Women may experience mild abdominal cramping, and light bleeding may occur for a few hours after the test, which is an entirely normal occurrence.
• Allergic reaction to the dye: Some women may develop an allergy to the dye used, which can cause symptoms such as itching, rashes, or dizziness. Inform your doctor if you have allergies.
• Infection: In rare cases, bacteria can enter the uterus during the HSG procedure, potentially leading to an infection. However, it is a very rare case as the procedure is always done in a sanitary and hygienic setting.

Results and Next Steps After HSG Testing

Following the HSG test, your doctor will assess the X-ray images to evaluate your reproductive health. If the dye easily spills through both fallopian tubes, it indicates that they are open and healthy. If the dye stops or flows slowly, this could indicate a uterine abnormality, such as scar tissue, fibroids, or polyps, or a tubal blockage.

Based on your HSG test results, your doctor will suggest treatment options such as minor surgery to remove blockages, IVF or IUI to help with conception, or medications to correct underlying conditions. These next steps will enhance your fertility and increase your chances of a successful pregnancy after the HSG test and imaging.

Conclusion

The HSG test is a safe and effective procedure that provides essential information about the health of your uterus and fallopian tubes. By revisiting and understanding the HSG procedure steps or results, you will be better positioned to make informed decisions about your fertility journey. Always follow up with your fertility specialist to discuss the results and discuss treatment options most appropriate to you for the best possible outcome.